Friday, March 27, 2009

[Biology Form 5] The Daily Transporter

Blood plays many important roles, and one of them is transport.

It transports oxygen, enzymes, water, nutrients (glucose, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, glycerol and amino acids), carbon dioxide, hormones, antibodies, waste substances, and even heat!

Transport of oxygen;
  • Cell involved - Red blood cell
  • Pigment used - Haemoglobin
  • Oxygen transported by the blood in the form of oxyhaemoglobin

Carbon dioxide transported in blood;
  • 70% in the form of hydrogen carbonate ions
  • 23% in the form of carbomino-haemoglobin
  • 7% in the form of dissolved gas in plasma

Possible consiquences to his health if a man's erythrocyte count is below normal;
  • When less oxygen reaches the cells in his body, the man may suffer from anaemia. As a result, he may faint easily, feel tired and be unenergetic.

[Add Maths Form 5] d For Difference

An arithmetic progression/sequence is a sequence of numbers in which the difference between two successive number is a constant, d.

Thus, the form of an arithmetic sequence is a , a + d , a + 2d , a + 3d , …

Eg:
2, 5, 8, 11, 14, … is an arithmetic progression/sequence with common difference 3.

To find the n-th term in an arithmetic sequence, use Tn = a + (n - 1)d

Example:

1) Find the value of x, in which lg x, lg(x + 2) and lg(x + 16) are three consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression.

Solution:
The difference between two consecutive term in arithmetic progression is the same.

So, T2 - T1 = T3 - T2
lg(x + 2) - lg x = lg(x + 16) - lg(x + 2)
lg( (x + 2) / x ) = lg( (x + 16) / (x + 2) )
(x + 2) / x = (x + 16) / (x + 2)
(x + 2) 2 = x2 + 16x
x2 + 4x + 4 = x2 + 16x
4 = 12x
x = 1/3


2) An arithmetic progression whose first term is 2 includes three consecutive terms that have a sum of 51. The last of these terms is 6 less than the 9th term of the progression. Find the value of each of the three terms.


Solution:

Let a = 2 be the first term

Then, write the arithmetic progression as: 2, ….x, x + d, x + 2d

Since the last of these terms, x + 2d, is 6 less than T9, so

T9 – (x + 2d) = 6

a + 8dx – 2d = 6

2 + 8dx – 2d = 6

6dx = 4 ………………… ( i )


Also, since x + x + d + x + 2d = 51

3x + 3d = 51

x + d = 17 ………………… ( ii )


( i ) + ( ii )


7d = 21

d = 3, x = 14


Hence, the three terms are 14, 17 and 20 respectively

Notes - Additional Mathematic

Form 5

[Chemistry Form 5] Rate Of Reaction

The rate of reaction can be obtained by measuring the

* Time taken for the reaction to be completed

The rate of a reaction is inversely proportional to the time taken for the reaction to be completed.

Rate = 1/Time

* Amount of product formed or reactant used up per unit time

Example:

When a sodium thiosulphate solution is reacted with hydrochloric acid, the rate of the reaction can be measured by timing how long it takes for a sufficient amount of sulphur to form so that a dark cross drawn on a oiece of card below the reaction flask can no longer be seen.

1) What is the rate of reaction if the time taken for the cross to disappear is 50 seconds?

Answer: Rate = 1/Time = 1/50s = 0.02/s

2) Write the chemical equation for the reaction above.

Answer: Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) --> 2NaCl (aq) + S (s) + SO2 (g) + H2O (l)

Thursday, March 26, 2009

[Chemistry Form 4] The Enthalpy Of Change

If the amount of thermal energy needed to change one mole of substance from a solid to a liquid or vice versa is called the enthalpy change of fusion, define, then, the enthalpy change of vapourisation.

It take energy to change a substance from a solid to a liquid, and then to a gas.

As energy transferred to a solid, particles in the solid vibrate more until they break out of their fixed lattice positions. This is when solid melts.

There is no change in temperature during this time, because all the energy transferred goes into overcoming the forces that hold the particles in the lattice.

When the solid melted, a rise in temperature is needed so that particles in the liquid have more energy to move faster.

At boiling point, the liquid begins to change into a gas, and the temperature again stays constant, since all the energy taken in by the liquid is used to overcome the forces that hold the particles in the liquid state.

When the liquid has boiled to form a gas, the temperature is raised again to enable the particles to move faster.

The process that involves changes in the state of a substance is a physical process because no chemical bonds are broken.

Did you know?

Solid carbon dioxide as dry ice, changes directly into a gaseous state at room temperature.

This is why it is often used to create 'fog' on stage and movie sets.

Wednesday, March 25, 2009

[Chemistry Form 4] Atom

The word 'atom' comes from a Greek word that means 'something that invisible'. However, atom can be split!

According to modern atomic theory, subatomic particles like protons and neutrons form the nucleus of an atom, while electrons whirl around the nucleus in different orbits with such a tremendous speed that they seem to form layers of shells around it.

Scientist And His Findings

John Dalton (1766 - 1844)
i) All elements are made up small indivisible particles called atoms.
ii) The atoms of an element are alike but differ from those of other elements.

J.J. Thompson (1856 - 1940)
Suggested the the atom is positively charged sphere with electrons embedded in it.

Ernest Rutherfold (1871 - 1937)
Discovered protons, and suggested thet protons are concentrated in the nucleus - the centre of an atom - which is surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

Niels Bohrs (1885 - 1962)
Proposed that electrons are arranged in orbits surrounding the nucleus.

James Chadwick (1891 - 1974)
Discovered neutrons, and proposed that the nucleus contains protons and neutrons, with electrons moving in orbit surrounding it.

Notes - Chemistry

Form 4


Form 5

SPM

[Chemistry Form 4] Particles In Motion

Do you know that it was the ancient Greeks who first suggested that everything is made up of particles? But when Democritus introduced the particulate nature of matter around 400BC, not many were convinced by his ideas.

In random
Centuries later, Brown, a Scottish scientist, observed that under the microscope, tiny particles of pollen floating on water move around in a haphazard fashion. When the pollen was examined on its own, no such movement was observed. This led to the idea that particles move randomly in a liquid or gas, and the movement is called Brownian motion.

Fusion of sorts
If a classmate has accidentally spilled an ammonia solution in the lab, you will soon know about it. Since particles of the ammonia gas move and mix with gas particles in the air, the sharp pungent smell of ammonia quickly spreads through the lab. When perticles mix like this, it is called diffusion.

Onion and tears
When you cut an onion, its cells are broken, and thus amino acid sulphoxides, which form suphenic acids, escape into the air. These acids release a volatile gas (propanethiol Soxide) which, upon exposure to moisture in your eyes or the air, changes into mild sulphuric acid. Diffusion of these compounds is responsible for the burning sensation in your eyes while cutting onions. Due to the eye irritation, your brain sends out impulses to your tear ducts, which respond to dilute the acid and protect your eyes.

*******
detector : pengesan
diffusion : resapan
isotope : isotop
particulate : bersifat zarah
random : rawak
sterilise : membasmi kuman
*******

Food Safety

Food poisoning arises when we consume foods that are contaminated with bacteria like Salmonella and Escherichia coli, and their toxins.

Among the symptoms of food poisoning include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, fever and dehydration.

The symptoms usually appear six to 72 hours after the consumption of contiminated food.

Here are a few pointers for you to practise food safety.

* Scrub your hand clean! You don't want dirty hand touching your food.

* Veggies and fresh fruits like apples won't keep the doctor away if you don't wash them before eating them.

* Harmful microbes lurk in untreated water. Clean drinking water is what you should be downing.

* Raw meat can be loaded with harmful bacteria. Make sure the meat you eat is well-cooked.

*******
antibiotic : antibiotik
common cold : selsema
cough : batuk
diarrhoea : cirit birit
fermentation : penapaian
food poisoning : keracunan makanan
microorganism : mikroorganisma
nausea : muntah
yoghurt : dadih
*******

Stop The Spread

There are many ways in which microorganisms can infect us, and for diseases to spread.

Thus, we must equip ourselves with the knowledge of how diseases are spread and how we can take preventive measures to stop the spread of these disease.

Eg.

The common cold

The common cold is a disease of the upper respiratory tract. It is highly contagious.

Some of its common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing, which are sometimes accompanied by the 'pink eye', muscle aches, fatigue and loss of appetite.

The common cold virus is transmitted between people:

* In aerosol form generated by coughing, sneezing;

* From contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person, either directly or from contaminated surfaces.

[Biology Form 5] What's In Our Blood - Riddles

Red Blood Cell
Born very early in the born marrow
I pass through blood vessels no matter how narrow
I live but for three months and not a day more
From the lungs, I take up a gas that you need in every flow ... Who am I?

Granulocyte (a leucocyte)
My nucleus is lobed and my cytoplasm granular
A soldier I am with a nucleus irregular
To eat your enemy is my function
And, for that, I have both gut and gumption ... Who am I?

Platelet
At a cut, I act fast and cause a clot
This is my life, this is my plot
But I do it only when you need me too
For if you lose your blood, you'd soon turn blue ... Who am I?

Lymphocyte / Granulocyte (a leucocyte)
Smooth and large, my nucleus is round
In the lymphatic system am I found
I shoot out antibodies when I get the chance
Pathogens shrivel up and fall into a dead trance ... Who am I?

Note:
While blood plasma takes up 55% of blood fluid, blood cells make up the remaining 45%

*******
blood cells : sel-sel darah
blood plasma : plasma darah
blood transport : pengangkutan darah
blood vessel : salur darah
granulocyte : granulosit
interstitial fluid : cecair intertis
leucocyte : leukosit
lymph duct : nodus limfa
lymphatic system : sistem limfa
lymphocyte : limfosit
phagocytes : sel-sel fagositosis
platelet : platlet
valve : injap
*******

Tuesday, March 24, 2009

Unrecognised Medical Colleges Graduates Have Mar 31 Deadline

The Star

PUTRAJAYA: Medical graduates from unrecognised institutions who want to enrol in a credit-transfer programme must register with the Malaysian Medical Council (MMC) before 31 March.

Students who graduated before Dec 31 2008 are eligible to enrol in the 18-month programme at recognised institutions.

The one-off programme is only open to graduates whose institutions are listed in the List of Unrecognised Training Teaching Institutions.

Those who have graduated from an institution not on the list must first furnish information to an evaluation panel from MMC before registering for the 18-month course.

The form as well as guidelines on the scheme are available at http://mmc.gov.my/v1/docs/-Hebahan-.pdf

For information, call Encik Mohd Yazuran/ Encik Zulkifli 03-8883 1401 or Encik Perumal at 03-2694 7920.

Notes - Biology

Form 4

Form 5

SPM








The Bleeding Disease

Most of us don't worry too much about small injuries like bump pad paper cuts.

Our bodies have a self-repair system that controls bleeding. Proteins in blood called factors to do this job. But haemophiliacs have to few or even no factor at all.

Haemophiliacs have to apply special lotions to seal cuts in order to stop bleeding. Larger cuts can cause severe blood loss, which can only stopped with a transfusion.

Even a small bump can be a big problem to them. A bump usually causes blood vessels under the skin to break and results in a bruise. For haemophiliacs, a little bump can cause a haemorrphage.

Haemophilia is a sex-linked inherited condition, which affects mostly males, while females usually transmit it.

A haemophilic man and a normal woman give birth to normal sons, and daughters who are carriers.

But when a normal man and a carrier woman have children, half of their sons will be normal while half of them affected. Also, half of their daughters will be carriers, and the other half normal.

Queen Victoria of Britain was a carrier. Her husband Albert was not. Since nine of their children had it, the condition was spread to many European royal houses.

It is thus nicknamed The Royal Disease.

In the 19th century, most victims died when they were babies as doctors were unable to cure them.

Today, we understand the human body better. Thus, life expectancy for haemophiliacs has increased from 11 years in the 1960s to 50-60 years in the 1980s.

Hopefully, we'll find a cure soon.

[Biology Form 4] Single Cell

A single cell can carry out many function.

A single cell with its numerous components and organelles can be so complete that it is able to function as a complete organism!

Examples of such unicellular organisms (or organisms that are made up of ONE cell only) are protozoa, bacteria, viruses, and certain types of algae and fungi.

In fact, most microorganisms are usually unicellular in nature.

The following table, show how and where the living process are carried out in each of the unicellular organisms;

HTML clipboard
Living process Paramecium Amoeba
a) Respiration Diffusion through its cell membrane Diffusion through its cell membrane
b) Excretion of excess water Contractile vacuole Contractile vacuole
c) Reproduction Mitosis (cell division of nucleus) - binary fission Mitosis (cell division of nucleus) - binary fission
d) Growth Synthesis of new cytoplasm and organelle Synthesis of new cytoplasm and organelle
e) Response to environment Taxis - whole cell moves toward favourable stimuli and away from unfavourable stimuli Taxis - whole cell moves toward favourable stimuli and away from unfavourable stimuli
f) Locomotion Pseudopodia Cilia
g) Nutrition (eating) Phagocytosis, digestion in food vacuoles and lysozymes Ingestion through oral groove, digestion in food vacuoles and egestion through its anal pore

[Biology Form 4] Organelle 1

1) Chloroplast - This is an organelle made up of a double membrane and several membranous structures.

2) In organelle 1, energy is not created or distroyed. In fact, one form of energy can convert to another.

3) Lense - This is the typical shape of organelle 1.

4) Water - This is one of the requirements for the process in organelle 1 to take place.

5) Oxygen - The name of the gas released during the process that occurs in organelle 1.

6) It is a plant cell that usually contains organelle 1.

7) Sun - The source of all energy in an ecosystem ant the source of the energy that can be absorbed by organelle 1.

8) Light - Without this, organelle 1 cannot carry out its funtion.

[Biology Form 4] Roles That Vary

A number of components or organelles are present within a cell. Each of them has different and specific function within the cell.

The presence or absence of a particular group of organelles tell us what kind of functions the cell can or cannot perform.

For instance, the presence of absence of chloroplasts. The mesophyll cell in the leaves of plants contain chloroplasts. This enables the mesophyll cell to carry out photosynthesis.

Epidermal cells, on the other hand, do not contain chloroplasts. Do you think they can carry out photosynthesis?

The ability of cells to carry out specific function due to the organelles contained in them is known as cellular differentiation.

Different cells carry out different functions because of the varying types of organelles contained in them.

A man's sperm cell, for instance, is packed with organelles known as mitochondria in its neck.

This enables the sperm to produce its own energy for movement.

Thus, a cell's structure determines its function.

*******
cell : sel
cell membrane : membran sel
cell wall : dinding sel
chloroplast : kloroplas
cythoplasm : sitoplasma
mesophyll cell : sel mesofil
multicellular organism : organisma multisel
nucleus : nukleus
organelle : organel
photosynthesis : fotosintesis
unicellular organism : organisma unisel
vacuole : vakuol
*******

Friday, March 20, 2009

Save Without Sacrifice

There's no question that saving for the future is critical. While some people save for retirement or to support their children, others seek a vacation or a down payment on a home. Whatever the case, putting income aside is part of life - and when it comes to saving, the sooner you start, the bigger the payoff.

But even if you have a specific goal in mind - for example, digging yourself out of debt - being a penny-pincher just isn't fun. Fattening your bank account may be a priority, but so is enjoying life. And although some people equate saving money with social suicide, a healthy bank account doesn't have to mean eliminating social engagements. Realistically, a "no expenses" diet is impossible unless you're a hermit - and that's why you should focus on slashing costs where you can instead of cutting yourself off completely.

Let's take a look at three things you can do to save, but without all the grumpy side effects.

1. Rethink the Luxuries
Our consumer culture is replete with new technologies and endless competition, which means nifty gadgets and superfluous luxuries have become par for the course. We're constantly bombarded with appeals to take part in the social ritual of buying products that look tempting, no matter how frivolous or unnecessary they may be. As for what we do need, advertisers are adept at selling consumers on cool-looking, costly brands, when their lesser-known, cheaper counterparts are just as good.

Of course, it's the buyer's prerogative to choose: you can go with the latest MP3 player, complete with video, email and color-coordinating accessories, or you can pick a basic, less expensive model - it might not be as fancy, but you still get music, right? Why not save your extra dollars for something that really counts?

Before you reach for your wallet, ask yourself whether the purchase is a need or a want.If it's a want, determine whether it's worth it: in the long run, would you rather have the latest iPod - and let's face it, you mostly want it because of the hype - or the peace of mind in knowing you've delayed gratification in order to afford something more meaningful? Apply this principle to every retail temptation you're faced with and you'll avoid needlessly dumping your money.

2. The Vice-A-Day Deal
We've all heard that the best way to save is to curtail extraneous spending - bring lunch from home, watch movies on TV and lose the daily latte. But cutting all fun food out of your life probably isn't the best way to diet, a bare-bones approach to saving likely won't last, either - and you'll be miserable to boot.

So instead of depriving yourself of spending money on anything, ever, try easing back: indulge in a vice a day, whether a morning cappuccino, lunch with friends, or a video rental. Not only will you save a ton by allowing just one daily extravagance, you'll appreciate the treat that much more. Take the money you would normally spend on the extra indulgences and put it into your savings account. You probably won't miss the extra dollars, but by the end of the year, you'll be rewarded with a significantly stacked bank account.

3. Trim Housing Costs
Bills are a fact of life, but that doesn't mean you can't reduce them. All it takes is a few household tweaks that can end up saving you hundreds of dollars every year.

When it comes to utilities, shop around: it's a consumer-driven marketplace and utility companies have to compete just like every other industry. Switch to a company that offers a low-cost plan that works with your lifestyle.

To avoid paying for "phantom loads", the small amount of electricity that many appliances consume even when you think they're off, take pains to unplug all appliances and electronics that aren't in use. That includes anything from cell phone chargers to your computer, DVD player and video game console.

Also, moving your thermostat a few notches creates a barely noticeable difference in temperature, but can make a significant dent in your monthly utility payments.

Another simple way to save is to install eco-friendly devices in your home, like low-flow shower heads and energy-saving appliances. With sustainability at the forefront of the social agenda, it's easier than ever to find green appliances at a low cost, and these switches will amount to a hefty reduction in your bills by year's end. While you're giving your home an energy makeover, exchange all those incandescent light bulbs for compact fluorescent bulbs; they use 75% less energy and have a much longer lifespan.

Start Today for Tomorrow's Savings
Whatever your financial goals, it's best to tailor spending habits to your individual lifestyle. Decide what can be reasonably cut from your budget: if you can live without a morning cup of java, for example, forgo it. If not, pack your lunch instead of buying it, or frequent the video store instead of the theater. And there's no need to pass up a social life when there's plenty of entertainment that costs nothing: bike rides, beach days, picnics in the park, even museums and art galleries. Get out there, explore your city, have fun with your friends and don't ever feel the need to sacrifice your life for your savings.

Wednesday, March 18, 2009

Cell Structure & Cell Organisation

Theory of Cell
1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells ..
2. Cells are the fundamental and structural unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Non-organelle Structures of Cell
1. Plasma membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell wall (plant cell only)

Organelle Structures of a Cell
1. Nucleus
2. Endoplasmic Recticulum
3. Mitochondrion
4. Ribosom
5. Golgi apparatus
6. Vacuole
7. Chloroplast (plant cell only)

Plama Membrane
1. Separates the content of the cell from its external environment.
2. Regulates the movement of substances entering and leaving the cell.
3. Allows the exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases and wastes products between the cell and its environment

Cytoplasm
1. Maintain the shape of the cell.
2. Acts as a medium for the biochemical reactions occur within the cell
3. Storing chemical substances such as glicogen granules (in animal cells), starch granules (inplant cells) and enzymes.
4. Stores a variety of organelle.

Cell Wall
1. Support the cell and the plant.
2. Maintain the shape of the cell.
3. Prevents the cell from bursting when too much water enters the cell through osmosis.
4. Allows substances to move through it.

Nucleus
1. Contains the genetic material of a cell.
2. Controls the activities of the cell.
3. Produces ribosomes and ribonucleic acids (RNA).

Endoplasmic Recticulum (ER)
Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum:
* Transporting the newly synthesised protein.
* Involve in the systhesis of protein.
* Provides surface for chemical reaction

Smooth Endoplasmic Recticulum:
* Transporting lipids and glycerols.
* Synthesising lipids and other non-protein substances.

Mitochonrion
1. Produces ATP (Adenosine triphosphate.)
2. Site of energy production through cellular respiration.

Ribosomes
Site for synthesising protein.

Golgi Apparatus
* Site for the production of enzyme and lysosome.
* Produces polysacharides, glycoproteins and secretory enzyme.
* Storing and modifying carbohydrate and glycoprotein.
* Transport and store lipid.

Vacuole
1. Stores food (Carbohydrate, amino acid) and water.
2. Support herbaceous plants when it is turgid.
3. Stores organic waste (in leaf cells).

Chloroplast
Contain chlorophyll and hence a site for photosynthesis to take place.

Biology

Biology is the study of life or living organism;
bios - life
logy - (original: logos) which means study

Importance of Biology
* Better understanding on the functions of human body
* Better understanding on the causes of diseases and its cure
* Better understanding on ecology; improve the the environment.
* Saving animal and plant species which are facing extinction.

Fields of Biology Research
Anatomy, Bacteriology, Botany, Cell Biology, Developmetal Biology, Ecology, Entomology, Genetics, Histology, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Taxonomy, Zoology.

Career Related To Biology
Medical - Doctor, Nurse, Dentist, Pharmacist, Veterinarian, Physiotherapist
Biotechnology - Biotechnologist, Nutritionist, Food Technologist
Agriculture - Estate Manager, Botanist, Agricultural Officer
Industry - Researh Officer, Scientist

Characteristic Of Living Organism
Metapolism - Obtain energy for life and activities
Respiration - Breakdown food to obtain energy for growth, movement, etc
Nutrition - Source of energy and growth; Repair damaged tissue
Locomotion - Moving from one place to another place (only for animal)
Reproduction - Reproduce offspring
Growth - Increasing of size
Excretion - Expelled waste from body

One Minutes Manager

One Minute Goal Setting is simply;
1. Agree on your goals.
2. See what good behavior looks like.
3. Write out each of your goals on a single sheet of paper using less than 250 words.
4. Read and re-read each goal, which requires only a minute or so each time you do it.
5. Take a minutes every once in a while out of your day look at your performances.
6. See whether or not your behavior matches your goal.


The One Minute Praising works well when you;
1. Tell people up front that you are going to let them know how they are doing.
2. Praise people immediately.
3. Tell people what they did right - Be specific.
4. Tell people how good you feel about what they did right, and how it helps the organization and other people who working there.
5. Stop for a moment of silence to let them "feel" how good you feel.
6. Encourage them to do more of the same.
7. Shake hands or touch people in a way that makes it clear that you support their success in the organization.


The One Minute Reprimand works well when you;
1. Tell people beforehand that you are going to let them know how they are doing and in no uncertain terms.
The first half of the reprimand
2. Reprimand people immediately
3. Tell people what they did wrong - Be specific.
4. Tell people how you feel about what they did wrong - and in no uncertain terms.
5. Stop for a few seconds of uncomfortable silence to let them feel how you feel.
The second half of the reprimand
6. Shake hands, or touch them in a way that lets them know you are honestly on their side.
7. Remind them how much you value them.
8. Reaffirm that you think well of them but not of their performance in this situation.
9. Realize that when the reprimand is over, its over.

The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People

Habit 1: Be Proactive
Being proactive is more than taking initiative. It is accepting responsibility for our own behavior (past, present and future) and making choices based on principles and values rather than on moods or circumstances. Proactive people are agents of change and choose not to be victims, to be reactive, or to blame others. They do this by developing and using four unique human gifts – self awareness, conscience, imagination and independent will – and by taking an Inside-Out Approach to creating change. They resolve to be the creative force in their own lives, which is the most fundamental decision anyone ever makes.

Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind

All things are created twice-first mentally, second physically. Individuals, families, teams, and organizations shape their own future by creating a mental vision and purpose for any project. They don’t just live day to day without a clear purpose in mind. They mentally identify and commit themselves to the principles, value, relationships, and purposes that matter most to them. A mission statement is the highest form of mental creation for an individual, a family, or an organization. It is the primary decision because it governs all other decisions. Creating a culture behind a shared mission, vision, and values is the essence of leadership.

Habit 3: Put First Things First
Putting first things first is the second or physical creation. It is organizing and executing around the mental creation (your purpose, vision, values, and the most important priorities). Second things do not come first. First things do not come second. Individuals and organizations focus on what matters most, urgent or not. The main thing is to keep the main thing the main thing.

Habit 4: Think Win-Win
Thinking win-win is a frame of mind and heart that seeks mutual benefit and is based on mutual respect in all interactions. It’s about thinking in term of abundance – and ever-expanding “pie”, a cornucopia of opportunity, wealth and resources – rather than scarcity and adversarial competition. It’s not thinking selfishly (win-lose) or like a martyr (lose-win). In our work and family life, members think interdependently – in terms of “we”, not “me”. Thinking win-win encourages conflict resolution and helps individuals seek mutually beneficial solutions. It’s sharing information, power, recognition, and rewards.

Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood
When we listen with the intent to understand others, rather than with the intent to reply, we begin true communication and relationship building. When others feel understood first, they feel affirmed and valued, defenses are lowered, and opportunities to speak openly and to be understood come much more naturally and easily. Seeking to understand takes kindness; seeking to be understood takes courage. Effectiveness lies is balancing the two.

Habit 6: Synergize
Synergy is about producing a third alternative–not my way, not your way, but a third way that is better than either of us would come up with individually. It’s the fruit of mutual respect - of understanding and even celebrating one another’s differences in solving problems, seizing opportunities. Synergistic teams and families thrive on individual strengths so that the whole becomes greater than the sum of the parts. Such relationships and teams renounce defensive adversarialism (1 + 1 = ½). They don’t settle on compromise (1 + 1 = 1 ½) or merely cooperation (1 + 1 = 2). They go for creative cooperation (1 + 1 = 3 or more).

Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw
Sharpening the saw is about constantly renewing ourselves in the four basic areas of life: physical, social/emotional, mental, and spiritual. It’s the habit that increases our capacity to live all other habits of effectiveness. For an organization, habit 7 promotes vision, renewal, continuous improvement, safeguards against burnout and entropy, and puts the organization on a new upward growth part. For a family, it increases effectiveness through regular personal and family activities such as establishing traditions that nurture the spirit of family renewal.

~ Dr. Stephen R. Covey

Monday, March 16, 2009

Unbalanced Diet

Human are classified as omnivores, partaking both classes of food ie. meet and vegetables.

Having the right diet is important for humans especially a diet that provides the 7 essential food groups comprising carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre.

The following chart illustrates the need for taking lots of food from the lower base of the pyramid and consuming a smaller amount of foods listed at the top.

FOOD PYRAMID

Many among us unknowingly practise unhealthy dietary habit by consuming tasty food that we like and not food which are beneficial or which are needed by our bodies.

At the same time eating excessively or not having proper meal times has become a part of our modern lifestyle today.

The result from such a lifestyle is that we have been taking too much food which contain toxins, high unsaturated fat, high cholesterol, high protein, excessive salt and also food which contains artificial colouring and harmful preservatives.

Thus, toxins tend to accumulate in our body causing chronic diseases.

Friday, March 13, 2009

WebSMS : How To Send Free SMS From Your Computer

With Maxis WebSMS, we can use our PC to send SMS to users for FREE! They can also reply to our messages using their mobile phone. Try it out Maxis WebSMS

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Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri Malaysia; Message, 13/03/2009

Tuan,

Pemberitahuan Tidak Mengeluarkan Borang B / BE / P Tahun Taksiran 2008

LHDNM mengucapkan terima kasih kepada tuan kerana menggunakan perkhidmatan e-Filing untuk memfailkan Borang B / BE / P Tahun Taksiran 2007.

2. Sehubungan itu, Borang B / BE / P Tahun Taksiran 2008 tidak akan dikeluarkan kepada tuan. Tuan boleh terus menggunakan perkhidmatan e-Filing untuk memfailkan Borang B / BE / P Tahun Taksiran 2008. Sila layari laman web LHDNM https://e.hasil.gov.my untuk maklumat lanjut.

3. Tarikh akhir pengemukaan borang nyata ialah seperti berikut:

a) Borang BE Tahun Taksiran 2008 (pemastautin yang tidak menjalankan perniagaan).
Tarikh Akhir Pengemukaan, 30 April 2009

b) Borang B Tahun Taksiran 2008 (pemastautin yang menjalankan perniagaan).
Tarikh Akhir Pengemukaan, 30 Jun 2009

c) Borang P Tahun Taksiran 2008.
Tarikh Akhir Pengemukaan, 30 Jun 2009

4. Sekiranya tuan terlupa Kata Laluan bagi Sijil Digital, sila layari laman web di atas dan klik menu ‘Terlupa Kata Laluan’. Untuk set semula kata laluan, tuan perlu ingat Petunjuk Kata Laluan dan jawapannya. Sekiranya tuan gagal untuk set semula kata laluan, sila hubungi cawangan LHDNM yang terdekat atau Pusat Khidmat Pelanggan di talian 1-300-88-3010.

Sekian, terima kasih.

“BERKHIDMAT UNTUK NEGARA”
“BERSAMA MEMBANGUN NEGARA”

Ketua Pengarah Hasil Dalam Negeri
Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri Malaysia

Thursday, March 12, 2009

Better Overall SPM Results

NST

ON TOP OF THE WORLD....Khairina Abdullah, 18 from Sekolah Menengah
Kebangsaan Sultan Sulaiman is Terrengganu's top student
with 14As. NST Pix by ASWADI ALIAS


PUTRAJAYA, THURS: The 2008 Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) results announced today saw 6,277 students scoring straight A''s in all subjects compared with 5,060 in 2007.

Education Ministry director-general Datuk Alimuddin Mohd Dom said from the total 1,676 scored A1s in all subjects compared with 892 in 2007 while 181,416 or 46.7 percent passed all subjects compared with 175,452 in 2007.

"There were three excellent result achievers who scored A1s in all 16 subjects, two who scored A1 in 15 subjects while six scored A1s in 14 subjects," said Alimuddin while announcing the SPM and STAM results here today.

He said from the three top achievers, two of them who scored 16 A1 were from Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan Yoke Kuan, Sekinchan Selangor while the other was from Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (SMK) Teong Hua, Sibu, Sarawak.

Last year, 442,936 sat for SPM compared with 439,255 in 2007 while 435Special students also sat for the examination last year compared with 355 the previous year.

Among the special students, Mohd Shafiq Sahdon from Sekolah Menengah Sains Kluang, Johor who has impaired vision, scored 12As while Aghilan Narayanan from SMK Jalan Bukit, Kajang, Selangor who is deaf, scored 11As.

Alimuddin said results of subjects like Mathematics, Science, History, Moral and Bahasa Melayu showed a marked improvement but English and Pendidikan Islam saw a slight drop in performance.

He added that 60,902 from SMK schools achieved at least a Grade 6C in all subjects and 2,589 failed or managed only Grade 9G.

SPM: 6,277 Score Straight As In All Subjects

The Star

PUTRAJAYA: The 2008 Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) results announced Thursday saw 6,277 students scoring straight As in all subjects compared with 5,060 in 2007.

Education Ministry Director-General Datuk Alimuddin Mohd Dom said 1,676 students scored A1s in all subjects compared with 892 in 2007, while 181,416 or 46.7% passed all subjects compared with 175,452 in 2007.

“There were three excellent result achievers who scored A1s in all 16 subjects, two who scored A1 in 15 subjects while six scored A1s in 14 subjects,” said Alimuddin while announcing the SPM and STAM results here Thursday.

Last year, 442,936 students sat for the SPM compared with 439,255 in 2007; 435 Special students also sat for the examination last year compared with 355 the previous year. -- Bernama

SPM Results To Be Announced Today

The 2008 Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) and the Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia (STAM) results will be released today.

Education Ministry secretary general Datuk Alimuddin Mohd Dom said yesterday that 443,000 candidates sat for the SPM last year.

He said 87.6 per cent were candidates from schools run by the ministry, 3.6 per cent from state government schools and 2.3 per cent from private schools.

Alimuddin said the 28,507 independent candidates would receive their result slips via post.

A total of 6,240 candidates sat for the STAM examination.

Monday, March 09, 2009

Salam Maulidur Rasul

12 Rabiul Awal 1430H

Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh is the founder of the religion of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of God (Allāh), the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of prophets.

Muslims consider him the restorer of the uncorrupted original monotheistic faith (Islam) of Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa and other prophets.

He was also active as a diplomat, merchant, philosopher, orator, legislator, reformer, military general, and, according to Muslim belief, an agent of divine action.

Born in 570 CE in the Arabian city of Mecca, he was orphaned at a young age and brought up under the care of his uncle Abu Talib. He later worked mostly as a merchant, as well as a shepherd, and was first married by age 25.

Discontented with life in Mecca, he retreated to a cave in the surrounding mountains for meditation and reflection. According to Islamic beliefs it was here, at age 40, in the month of Ramadan, where he received his first revelation from God.

Three years after this event Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "surrender" to Him (lit. islām) is the only way (dīn) acceptable to God, and that he himself was a prophet and messenger of God, in the same vein as other Islamic prophets.

Muhammad gained few followers early on, and was met with hostility from some Meccan tribes; he and his followers were treated harshly.

To escape persecution Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina (then known as Yathrib) in the year 622 CE.

This event, the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

In Medina, Muhammad united the conflicting tribes, and after eight years of fighting with the Meccan tribes, his followers, who by then had grown to ten thousand, conquered Mecca without bloodshed.

In 632 a few months after returning to Medina from his Farewell pilgrimage, Muhammad fell ill and died. By the time of his death most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam and he united the tribes of Arabia into a single Muslim religious polity.

The revelations (or Ayat, lit. "Signs of God") which Muhammad reported receiving until his death form the verses of the Qur'an, regarded by Muslims as the “word of God” and around which the religion is based.

Besides the Qur'an, Muhammad’s life (sira) and traditions (sunnah) are also upheld by Muslims.

They discuss Muhammad and other prophets of Islam with reverence, adding the phrase peace be upon him whenever their names are mentioned.

While conceptions of Muhammad in medieval Christendom and premodern times were largely negative, appraisals in modern times have been far less so.

Besides this, his life and deeds have been debated by followers and opponents over the centuries.

Photography

Photography is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or electronic sensor.

Light patterns reflected or emitted from objects expose a sensitive silver halide based chemical or electronic medium during a timed exposure, usually through a photographic lens in a device known as a camera that also stores the resulting information chemically or electronically.

Photography has many uses for both business and pleasure. It is often the basis of advertising and in fashion print. Photography can also be viewed as a commercial and artistic endeavor.

The word "photography" comes from the French photographie which is based on the Greek φώς (phos) "light" + γραφίς (graphis) "stylus", "paintbrush" or γραφή (graphê) "representation by means of lines" or "drawing", together meaning "drawing with light."

Traditionally, the product of photography has been called a photograph, commonly shortened to photo.

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